The common cold is a viral infection of your nose and throat (upper respiratory tract). It's usually harmless, although it might not feel that way. Many types of viruses can cause a common cold.
Children younger than six are at greatest risk of colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have two or three colds annually.
Most people recover from a common cold in a week or 10 days. Symptoms might last longer in people who smoke. If symptoms don't improve, see your doctor.
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
Symptoms of a common cold usually appear one to three days after exposure to a cold-causing virus. Signs and symptoms, which can vary from person to person, might include:
The discharge from your nose may become thicker and yellow or green in color as a common cold runs its course. This isn't an indication of a bacterial infection.
For adults â seek medical attention if you have:
For children â in general, your child doesn't need to see the doctor for a common cold. But seek medical attention right away if your child has any of the following:
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
Although many types of viruses can cause a common cold, rhinoviruses are the most common culprit.
A cold virus enters your body through your mouth, eyes or nose. The virus can spread through droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks.
It also spreads by hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold or by sharing contaminated objects, such as utensils, towels, toys or telephones. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth after such contact or exposure, you're likely to catch a cold.
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
Most people with a common cold can be diagnosed by their signs and symptoms. If your doctor suspects you have a bacterial infection or other condition, he or she may order a chest X-ray or other tests to exclude other causes of your symptoms.
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
There's no vaccine for the common cold, but you can take common-sense precautions to slow the spread of cold viruses:
Use tissues. Sneeze and cough into tissues. Discard used tissues right away, then wash your hands carefully.
Teach children to sneeze or cough into the bend of their elbow when they don't have a tissue. That way they cover their mouths without using their hands.
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
In spite of ongoing studies, the scientific jury is still out on common alternative cold remedies such as vitamin C and echinacea. Here's an update on some popular choices:
Zinc. The cold-fighting reputation of zinc has had its ups and downs. That's because many zinc studies â both those that find the mineral beneficial and those that do not â are flawed. In studies with positive results, zinc seemed most effective taken within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms.
Zinc side effects include a bad taste and nausea. Talk to your doctor before taking a zinc supplement.
Intranasal zinc might cause permanent damage to the sense of smell. In June 2009, the FDA issued a warning against using three zinc-containing nasal cold remedies because they had been associated with a long-lasting or permanent loss of smell (anosmia).
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
To make yourself as comfortable as possible when you have a cold, try:
Using saline nasal drops. To help relieve nasal congestion, try saline nasal drops. You can buy these drops over-the-counter, and they can help relieve symptoms, even in children.
In infants, gently suction the nostrils with a bulb syringe (insert the bulb syringe about 1/4 to 1/2 inch, or about 6 to 12 millimeters) after applying saline drops.
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
These factors can increase your chances of getting a cold:
Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com
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