Research Article: Identification of a distinct cluster of GDF15high macrophages induced by in vitro differentiation exhibiting anti-inflammatory activities

Abstract

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Introduction: Macrophage-mediated inflammatory response may have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor- superfamily, with potential anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies observed in human lungs some macrophages which expressed a high level of GDF15.